Medication Overview

Xenical, known generically as orlistat, is a prescription medication used in the management of obesity. It acts by inhibiting the absorption of dietary fats in the intestine. This reduction in fat absorption aids in weight loss and helps in preventing the regain of lost weight.

Mechanism of Action

Xenical works by blocking the enzyme lipase in the digestive system. Lipase is responsible for breaking down fats in the digestive tract. By inhibiting this enzyme, Xenical prevents approximately 30% of the fat consumed from being absorbed. These unabsorbed fats are then excreted from the body, reducing the total caloric intake.

Indications for Use

Xenical is indicated for weight management, including weight loss and weight maintenance, when used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet. It is typically prescribed for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater, or 27 or greater in the presence of other risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia.

Administration Guidelines

Xenical is administered orally, usually with each main meal that contains fat. The recommended dose is one 120 mg capsule, taken with water during or up to one hour after the meal. It is important for patients to adhere to a nutritionally balanced, reduced-calorie diet with no more than 30% of calories from fat. Skipping a dose may be appropriate if a meal is missed or contains no fat.

Dietary Recommendations

Patients taking Xenical should follow a well-balanced, calorie-controlled diet rich in fruits and vegetables. It’s essential to distribute their daily intake of fat, carbohydrates, and protein over three main meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Patients should be conscious of their fat intake, avoiding high-fat meals which can intensify side effects associated with Xenical.

Storage and Handling

Xenical should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. It must be kept in its original container, tightly sealed, and protected from exposure to light and moisture. It is crucial to keep the medication out of reach of children and to ensure it is not exposed to temperatures above 30°C (86°F).

Drug Interactions

Orlistat may interact with several medications, potentially altering their effectiveness. It can interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and beta-carotene; therefore, supplementation may be advised. Patients should take multivitamins at least two hours before or after taking Xenical. Furthermore, it may impair the absorption of certain medications, such as cyclosporine and levothyroxine, necessitating spacing doses appropriately.

Potential Side Effects

Common side effects of Xenical involve the gastrointestinal tract. These include oily spotting, flatulence with discharge, fecal urgency, and oily or fatty stools. These effects are typically mild and transient, occurring mostly during the early stages of treatment. Less common side effects may include headaches, respiratory infections, back pain, and fatigue. Any severe adverse effects should be reported to a healthcare provider.

Contraindications and Precautions

Xenical is contraindicated in individuals with chronic malabsorption syndrome or cholestasis, and in those with known hypersensitivity to orlistat or any other component of the product. Precautions should be taken for patients with a history of hyperoxaluria or calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Patients should be monitored for potential changes in blood glucose levels if they have diabetes.

Monitoring During Treatment

Regular monitoring of weight is recommended to assess the effectiveness of Xenical. Additionally, levels of fat-soluble vitamins should be periodically checked, alongside the clinical conditions requiring concomitant medications. Adjustments in other medications may be needed based on the individual’s response to Xenical.